Authentication weaknesses
The application does not reliably check that someone is who they claim to be.
CWE-287 · NVD record: nvd@nist.gov
Reading and practice labs · Free account for labs. Basic HTTP knowledge; some labs use Burp Suite.
Exploited. On CISA's list since 2024-11-25, and used by ransomware.
Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability
CVE-2023-28461 · Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS · Published 2023-03-15
How bad would it be?
9.8 out of 10
CVSS rates it critical: about as damaging as flaws get.
How likely is it to be used?
68%
Estimated chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, among the top 1% of all scored flaws (EPSS, 2026-10-29).
Is it already being used?
Yes
CISA has seen it exploited in real attacks. For US government agencies the fix is deadline passed 683 days ago (2024-12-16).
What CISA says to do
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS contain a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability that allows an attacker to read local files and execute code on the SSL VPN gateway.
What the flaw is
Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution. An attacker can browse the filesystem on the SSL VPN gateway using a flags attribute in an HTTP header without authentication. The product could then be exploited through a vulnerable URL. The 2023-03-09 vendor advisory stated "a new Array AG release with the fix will be available soon."
From the NVD.
Fixes and advisories
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Understand the kind of weakness behind this flaw. These resources teach the weakness, rather than reproduce this specific CVE. Follow the vendor's advice above to fix the affected product.
Missing authentication
A sensitive function is reachable without proving who is using it.
CWE-306 · CISA KEV; NVD record: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Reading and practice labs · Free account for labs. Basic HTTP knowledge; some labs use Burp Suite.
CWE is a catalogue of weakness types. Labels come from the sources shown and can differ or change. Resource matches reviewed 16 October 2026.
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Exploited flaws from CISA's KEV catalogue. Chance of exploitation from EPSS by FIRST. Descriptions and scores from the NVD. This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.